57 lines
23 KiB
Plaintext
57 lines
23 KiB
Plaintext
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rust
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bZ #rustc 1.96.0 (ac68faa20 2026-05-25)ÁÀ뉊 ]!ÜÛê(¹Þ—šên -5be7b69c3ff7b5b8Á íàÄTËŸ ÜJîÄ)'ß\¥! -3d1337db07d0b3aeÁ ¤²XctÔ'ÐÓ©z¨É½Ó -a4945860e1c53b00Á ¤°ð ¾ä-±($²ï=©Ã -7e98a21bfd32b0edÁ–�òÖÀH•‘P IÓHã#£ -055f30b747f859b6Á rustc_std_workspace_coreÁCçß^ò½èÝ$Çÿ+Cé -c4878ee60b2242c9Á ŸÃï+Ñ]ŠqB<ÏïW# -8dd1dd90e70d0b6aÁ miniz_oxideÁ€š»J(P>àö÷g\K -1eb618da2918ab7fÁ adler2ÁÆ;+Þ®5¥ÌýÝ°¦ÛLˆ -f7919172d268e069Á hashbrownÁPäV9ÒÆèÜ�"ÊÖVŽ\ -0fc2184a5da6723aÁ rustc_std_workspace_allocÁs&ØòØy¯s•bæ!‰ýŠ -97e4bf30be240674Á
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std_detectÁhŠBîÙºÌI®Ë�Å�š -9dbbf8346ba7ac8bÁ rustc_demangleÁûë9´Ç×@Œ�’ùXFº -f33013f239bf9f14Á cfg_ifÁÜLh�ž§Œaã¯>� -0a71c8f33a838301Á addr2lineÁ׎Þ!]8V$É@@T· -e618e6be60e87ba2Á gimliÁ¸
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‹ás «LÖ€îâƒ×ɯŒ -ee6f3747e38367f0Á thiserror_implÁ}‹%QÐÄ`‚’ g(æp}# -cb822d405da50030Á provideÁ<ãD error_generic_member_accessÁ ÜÁD A ThiserrorProvideÁ„‹G ‹ ܾF À aserrorÁ
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>…0?€/ T * ;$AÀ ErrorÁýç6 È @ü žG ü š — [![github]](https://github.com/dtolnay/thiserror) [![crates-io]](https://crates.io/crates/thiserror) [![docs-rs]](https://docs.rs/thiserror)Á › ú üŸj g [github]: https://img.shields.io/badge/github-8da0cb?style=for-the-badge&labelColor=555555&logo=githubÁ üŠn k [crates-io]: https://img.shields.io/badge/crates.io-fc8d62?style=for-the-badge&labelColor=555555&logo=rustÁ üùm j [docs-rs]: https://img.shields.io/badge/docs.rs-66c2a5?style=for-the-badge&labelColor=555555&logo=docs.rsÁ ç ú Dë <br>Á ô ú üøN K This library provides a convenient derive macro for the standard library'sÁ üÇ [`std::error::Error`] trait.Á è ú üìO L [`std::error::Error`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/error/trait.Error.htmlÁ ¼ ú DÀ � É ú lÍ
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# ExampleÁ Û ú \ß ```rustÁ ”ë # use std::io;Á Ìþ use thiserror::Error;Á ˜ ú Üœ #[derive(Error, Debug)]Á ì¸ pub enum DataStoreError {Á üÖ+ ( #[error("data store disconnected")]Á ü‚& # Disconnect(#[from] io::Error),Á ü©; 8 #[error("the data for key `{0}` is not available")]Á Ôå Redaction(String),Á ü€K H #[error("invalid header (expected {expected:?}, found {found:?})")]Á ¼Ì InvalidHeader {Á ìä expected: String,Á Ô‚ found: String,Á T� },Á ü¨ , ) #[error("unknown data store error")]Á „Õ
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# DetailsÁ “
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ú ü—
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L I - Thiserror deliberately does not appear in your public API. You get theÁ üä
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O L same thing as if you had written an implementation of `std::error::Error`Á ü´ N K by hand, and switching from handwritten impls to thiserror or vice versaÁ üƒ is not a breaking change.Á £ ú ü§ L I - Errors may be enums, structs with named fields, tuple structs, or unitÁ tô structs.Á ƒ
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ú ü‡
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A > - A `Display` impl is generated for your error if you provideÁ üÉ
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O L `#[error("...")]` messages on the struct or each variant of your enum, asÁ ü™! shown above in the example.Á » ú ü¿O L The messages support a shorthand for interpolating fields from the error.Á � ú ü“D A - `#[error("{var}")]` ⟶ `write!("{}", self.var)`Á üØ@ = - `#[error("{0}")]` ⟶ `write!("{}", self.0)`Á ü™H E - `#[error("{var:?}")]` ⟶ `write!("{:?}", self.var)`Á üâD A - `#[error("{0:?}")]` ⟶ `write!("{:?}", self.0)`Á § ú ü«L I These shorthands can be used together with any additional format args,Á üø6 3 which may be arbitrary expressions. For example:Á ¯ ú l³
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```rustÁ ´Á # use core::i32;Á ìØ # use thiserror::Error;Á <ö #Á ìþ #[derive(Error, Debug)]Á ´œ pub enum Error {Á ü³P M #[error("invalid rdo_lookahead_frames {0} (expected < {})", i32::MAX)]Á ü„ InvalidLookahead(u32),Á <¥ }Á L ```Á · ú ü»P M If one of the additional expression arguments needs to refer to a field ofÁ üŒO L the struct or enum, then refer to named fields as `.var` and tuple fieldsÁ tÜ as `.0`.Á ë ú lï ª' ìý ß' <› …( ü£+ ( # fn first_char(s: &String) -> char {Á üÏ% " # s.chars().next().unwrap()Á Lõ # }Á <ÿ …( ć # #[derive(Debug)]Á ¼ # struct Limits {Á ´¸ # lo: usize,Á ´Ï # hi: usize,Á Læ ê, <ð …( ìø •( ´– »( üQ N #[error("first letter must be lowercase but was {:?}", first_char(.0))]Á äÿ WrongCase(String),Á üœf c #[error("invalid index {idx}, expected at least {} and at most {}", .limits.lo, .limits.hi)]Á üƒ5 2 OutOfBounds { idx: usize, limits: Limits },Á <¹ Þ) LÁ î) Ë ú üÏK H - A `From` impl is generated for each variant that contains a `#[from]`Á „›
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attribute.Á ¬ ú ü°N K The variant using `#[from]` must not contain any other fields beyond theÁ üÿH E source error (and possibly a backtrace — see below). UsuallyÁ üÈ M J `#[from]` fields are unnamed, but `#[from]` is allowed on a named fieldÁ T– too.Á ¡ ú l¥ ª' ü³ ' $ # use core::fmt::{self, Display};Á ¤Û # use std::io;Á ìð ß' <Ž …( ¬– # mod globset {Á ü¬ . + # #[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]Á ÜÛ # #[error("...")]Á ì÷ # pub struct Error;Á L• ê, <Ÿ …( ì§ •( ÄÅ pub enum MyError {Á üÞ Io(#[from] io::Error),Á üÿ ' $ Glob(#[from] globset::Error),Á <§ Þ) <¯ …( ü· " # impl Display for MyError {Á üÚ J G # fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {Á ü¥! # unimplemented!()Á lÆ!
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# }Á LÔ! ê, LÞ! î) è! ú üì!L I - The Error trait's `source()` method is implemented to return whicheverÁ ü¹"M J field has a `#[source]` attribute or is named `source`, if any. This isÁ ü‡#N K for identifying the underlying lower level error that caused your error.Á Ö# ú üÚ#P M The `#[from]` attribute always implies that the same field is `#[source]`,Á ü«$8 5 so you don't ever need to specify both attributes.Á ä$ ú üè$P M Any error type that implements `std::error::Error` or dereferences to `dynÁ ü¹%/ , std::error::Error` will work as a source.Á é% ú lí% ª' üû%' ±4 ì£& ß' <Á& …( ìÉ& •( Ôç& pub struct MyError {Á ´‚' msg: String,Á ü™': 7 #[source] // optional if field name is `source`Á üÔ' source: anyhow::Error,Á <õ' Þ) <ý' …( ü…(" ï7 ü¨(J ›8 üó( ï8 l”) ˜9 L¢) ê, L¬) î) ¶) ú üº)N K - The Error trait's `provide()` method is implemented to provide whicheverÁ ü‰*6 3 field has a type named `Backtrace`, if any, as aÁ üÀ*I F `std::backtrace::Backtrace`. Using `Backtrace` in errors requires aÁ üŠ+7 4 nightly compiler with Rust version 1.73 or newer.Á Â+ ú lÆ+ ª' üÔ+) & # const IGNORE: &str = stringify! {Á üþ+$ ! use std::backtrace::Backtrace;Á £, ú ì§, •( ÔÅ, ç> ´à, Š? ü÷,: 7 backtrace: Backtrace, // automatically detectedÁ <²- Þ) Tº- # };Á LÅ- î) Ï- ú üÓ-H E - If a field is both a source (named `source`, or has `#[source]` orÁ üœ.I F `#[from]` attribute) *and* is marked `#[backtrace]`, then the ErrorÁ üæ.O L trait's `provide()` method is forwarded to the source's `provide` so thatÁ ü¶/K H both layers of the error share the same backtrace. The `#[backtrace]`Á ü‚0L I attribute requires a nightly compiler with Rust version 1.73 or newer.Á Ï0 ú lÓ0 ª' üá0) ËC ì‹1 •( Ä©1 Ú6 tÂ1 Io {Á ÔÑ1 #[backtrace]Á üì1 source: io::Error,Á d�2 },Á <š2 Þ) T¢2 «E L2 î) ·2 ú ü»2M J - For variants that use `#[from]` and also contain a `Backtrace` field, aÁ ü‰38 5 backtrace is captured from within the `From` impl.Á Â3 ú lÆ3 ª' üÔ3) ËC ìþ3 •( Äœ4 Ú6 tµ4 ¼I ¬Ä4 #[from]Á üÚ4 ÷I üû4# backtrace: Backtrace,Á dŸ5 J <¬5 Þ) T´5 «E L¿5 î) É5 ú üÍ5K H - Errors may use `error(transparent)` to forward the source and DisplayÁ ü™6G D methods straight through to an underlying error without adding anÁ üá6J G additional message. This would be appropriate for enums that need anÁ ô¬7 "anything else" variant.Á Ë7 ú LÏ7 î) ìÙ7 ß' <÷7 …( ìÿ7 •( Ä�8 Ú6 t¶8 # /*Á lÅ8
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...Á tÓ8 # */Á â8 ú üæ8 #[error(transparent)]Á ü†9X U Other(#[from] anyhow::Error), // source and Display delegate to anyhow::ErrorÁ <ß9 Þ) Lç9 î) ñ9 ú üõ9C @ Another use case is hiding implementation details of an errorÁ ü¹:O L representation behind an opaque error type, so that the representation isÁ ü‰;= : able to evolve without breaking the crate's public API.Á Ç; ú LË; î) ìÕ; ß' <ó; …( üû;G D // PublicError is public, but opaque and easy to keep compatible.Á ìÃ< •( Üá< #[error(transparent)]Á üý<0 - pub struct PublicError(#[from] ErrorRepr);Á ®= ú IJ= impl PublicError {Á üË=B ? // Accessors for anything we do want to expose publicly.Á <Ž> Þ) –> ú üš>F C // Private and free to change across minor version of the crate.Á ìá> •( ´ÿ> enum ErrorRepr {Á t–? ÄP l¥? ÛP t³? ñP <Â? Þ) LÊ? î) Ô? ú üØ?O L - See also the [`anyhow`] library for a convenient single error type to useÁ Ô¨@ in application code.Á Ã@ ú üÇ@3 0 [`anyhow`]: https://github.com/dtolnay/anyhowÁ https://docs.rs/thiserror/1.0.69ÁlƒA $AÀ8 ÆM È @888\¡D <¥D
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