850 lines
216 KiB
Plaintext
850 lines
216 KiB
Plaintext
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!<arch>
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getrandom-3d09f4a1661db223.getrandom.a43e9efc8757d663-cgu.0.rcgu.o/
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ELF · : @ @ GNU À rust
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|
|||
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Ê $å $ ü½ 0 Ö¿ ÊfÔ ï - üÁ ® © ¯ µ ܲ üe Äõ å $Ô } Ü# – •¢˜¢ ™¢l š¢ˆ ›¢ œ¢[�¢ˆ e0<#˜� € ƒ ‹ ± ¼ J � R Êf –2“ Ž r ¹Ã ‰
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€ ì õ8 âx
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|||
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‡yê æyð ’zm ¬ù" œù"
|
|||
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& �# . üÐ"@ þg ”à" Œ}N ¬š% œš%
|
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' ±% / üñ$@ £p ”�% ç}N äÕ v •5 w & —6 1 Í6 8 ? „Û
|
|||
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|
Œ � % Ô 0 ëN 7 > ,-./í _4¢ ‡\º ÑÛ ˜,Ø Œ *ïTß Š +ü9ø$ ü9, ) [`Error::UNEXPECTED`]: Error::UNEXPECTEDÁ üf [`fill_uninit`]: fill_uninitÁ ø åžü®& åž# getrandom: system's random number generator
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
[![Build Status]][GitHub Actions]
|
|||
|
|
[![Crate]][crates.io]
|
|||
|
|
[![Documentation]][docs.rs]
|
|||
|
|
[![Dependency Status]][deps.rs]
|
|||
|
|
[![Downloads]][crates.io]
|
|||
|
|
[![License]][LICENSE-MIT]
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`getrandom` is a Rust library for retrieving random data from (operating) system sources.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
It is assumed that the system always provides high-quality, cryptographically secure random
|
|||
|
|
data, ideally backed by hardware entropy sources. This crate derives its name from
|
|||
|
|
the Linux `getrandom` syscall but is cross-platform, roughly supporting the same set
|
|||
|
|
of platforms as Rust's `std` library.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
This is a low-level API. Most users should prefer using a higher-level random-number
|
|||
|
|
library like [`rand`].
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
[`rand`]: https://crates.io/crates/rand
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## Examples
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```rust
|
|||
|
|
fn get_random_u128() -> Result<u128, getrandom::Error> {
|
|||
|
|
let mut buf = [0u8; 16];
|
|||
|
|
getrandom::fill(&mut buf)?;
|
|||
|
|
Ok(u128::from_ne_bytes(buf))
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## Supported targets
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
| Target | Target Triple | Implementation
|
|||
|
|
| ------------------ | ------------------ | --------------
|
|||
|
|
| Linux, Android | `*‑linux‑*` | [`getrandom`][1] system call if available, otherwise [`/dev/urandom`][2] after successfully polling `/dev/random`
|
|||
|
|
| Windows 10+ | `*‑windows‑*` | [`ProcessPrng`]
|
|||
|
|
| Windows 7, 8 | `*-win7‑windows‑*` | [`RtlGenRandom`]
|
|||
|
|
| macOS | `*‑apple‑darwin` | [`getentropy`][3]
|
|||
|
|
| iOS, tvOS, watchOS | `*‑apple‑{ios,tvos,watchos}` | [`CCRandomGenerateBytes`]
|
|||
|
|
| FreeBSD | `*‑freebsd` | [`getrandom`][5]
|
|||
|
|
| OpenBSD | `*‑openbsd` | [`getentropy`][7]
|
|||
|
|
| NetBSD | `*‑netbsd` | [`getrandom`][16] if available, otherwise [`kern.arandom`][8]
|
|||
|
|
| Dragonfly BSD | `*‑dragonfly` | [`getrandom`][9]
|
|||
|
|
| Solaris | `*‑solaris` | [`getrandom`][11] with `GRND_RANDOM`
|
|||
|
|
| illumos | `*‑illumos` | [`getrandom`][12]
|
|||
|
|
| Fuchsia OS | `*‑fuchsia` | [`cprng_draw`]
|
|||
|
|
| Redox | `*‑redox` | `/dev/urandom`
|
|||
|
|
| Haiku | `*‑haiku` | `/dev/urandom` (identical to `/dev/random`)
|
|||
|
|
| Hermit | `*-hermit` | [`sys_read_entropy`]
|
|||
|
|
| Hurd | `*-hurd-*` | [`getrandom`][17]
|
|||
|
|
| SGX | `x86_64‑*‑sgx` | [`RDRAND`]
|
|||
|
|
| VxWorks | `*‑wrs‑vxworks‑*` | `randABytes` after checking entropy pool initialization with `randSecure`
|
|||
|
|
| Emscripten | `*‑emscripten` | [`getentropy`][13]
|
|||
|
|
| WASI 0.1 | `wasm32‑wasip1` | [`random_get`]
|
|||
|
|
| WASI 0.2 | `wasm32‑wasip2` | [`get-random-u64`]
|
|||
|
|
| SOLID | `*-kmc-solid_*` | `SOLID_RNG_SampleRandomBytes`
|
|||
|
|
| Nintendo 3DS | `*-nintendo-3ds` | [`getrandom`][18]
|
|||
|
|
| ESP-IDF | `*‑espidf` | [`esp_fill_random`] WARNING: see "Early Boot" section below
|
|||
|
|
| PS Vita | `*-vita-*` | [`getentropy`][19]
|
|||
|
|
| QNX Neutrino | `*‑nto-qnx*` | [`/dev/urandom`][14] (identical to `/dev/random`)
|
|||
|
|
| AIX | `*-ibm-aix` | [`/dev/urandom`][15]
|
|||
|
|
| Cygwin | `*-cygwin` | [`getrandom`][20] (based on [`RtlGenRandom`])
|
|||
|
|
| Motor OS | `x86_64-unknown-motor` | [`RDRAND`]
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Pull Requests that add support for new targets to `getrandom` are always welcome.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### WebAssembly support
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
This crate fully supports the [WASI] and [Emscripten] targets. However, the `wasm32-unknown-unknown`
|
|||
|
|
and `wasm64-unknown-unknown` targets (i.e. the target used by `wasm-pack`)
|
|||
|
|
are not automatically supported since, from the target name alone, we cannot deduce
|
|||
|
|
which JavaScript interface should be used (or if JavaScript is available at all).
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
We do not include support for these targets in the default configuration because our JS backend
|
|||
|
|
(supporting web browsers, web workers and Node.js v19 or later) requires [`wasm-bindgen`],
|
|||
|
|
**bloating `Cargo.lock`** and **potentially breaking builds** on non-web WASM platforms.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
To enable `getrandom`'s functionality on `wasm32/64-unknown-unknown` using
|
|||
|
|
[`Crypto.getRandomValues`] via [`wasm-bindgen`], enable the `wasm_js` crate feature.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
WARNING: We strongly recommend against enabling this feature in libraries (except for tests)
|
|||
|
|
since it is known to break non-Web WASM builds and further since the usage of `wasm-bindgen`
|
|||
|
|
causes significant bloat to `Cargo.lock` (on all targets).
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
The only exception to this rule: if your crate already unconditionally depends on `wasm-bindgen`
|
|||
|
|
or `js-sys` on "unknown" WASM targets then it's acceptable to enable this feature unconditionally.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Opt-in backends
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`getrandom` also provides optional (opt-in) backends, which allow users to customize the source
|
|||
|
|
of randomness based on their specific needs:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
| Backend name | Target | Target Triple | Implementation
|
|||
|
|
| ------------------- | -------------------- | ------------------------ | --------------
|
|||
|
|
| `linux_getrandom` | Linux, Android | `*‑linux‑*` | [`getrandom`][1] system call (without `/dev/urandom` fallback). Bumps minimum supported Linux kernel version to 3.17 and Android API level to 23 (Marshmallow).
|
|||
|
|
| `linux_raw` | Linux, Android | `*‑linux‑*` | Same as `linux_getrandom`, but uses raw `asm!`-based syscalls instead of `libc`.
|
|||
|
|
| `rdrand` | x86, x86-64 | `x86_64-*`, `i686-*` | [`RDRAND`] instruction
|
|||
|
|
| `rndr` | AArch64 | `aarch64-*` | [`RNDR`] register
|
|||
|
|
| `efi_rng` | UEFI | `*-unknown‑uefi` | [`EFI_RNG_PROTOCOL`] with `EFI_RNG_ALGORITHM_RAW` (requires `std` and Nightly compiler)
|
|||
|
|
| `windows_legacy` | Windows | `*-windows-*` | [`RtlGenRandom`]
|
|||
|
|
| `custom` | All targets | `*` | User-provided custom implementation (see [custom backend])
|
|||
|
|
| `unsupported` | All targets | `*` | Always returns `Err(Error::UNSUPPORTED)` (see [unsupported backend])
|
|||
|
|
| `extern_impl` | All targets | `*` | Externally-provided custom implementation (see [externally implemented interface])
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Opt-in backends can be enabled using the `getrandom_backend` configuration flag.
|
|||
|
|
The flag can be set either by specifying the `rustflags` field in [`.cargo/config.toml`]:
|
|||
|
|
```toml
|
|||
|
|
# It's recommended to set the flag on a per-target basis:
|
|||
|
|
[target.'cfg(target_os = "linux")']
|
|||
|
|
rustflags = ['--cfg', 'getrandom_backend="linux_getrandom"']
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Or by using the `RUSTFLAGS` environment variable:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```sh
|
|||
|
|
RUSTFLAGS='--cfg getrandom_backend="linux_getrandom"' cargo build
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Enabling an opt-in backend will replace the backend used by default. Doing this for
|
|||
|
|
an incorrect target (e.g. using `linux_getrandom` while compiling for a Windows target)
|
|||
|
|
will result in a compilation error. Be extremely careful while using opt-in backends,
|
|||
|
|
as incorrect configuration may result in vulnerable applications or applications
|
|||
|
|
that always panic.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Note that using an opt-in backend in a library (e.g. for tests or benchmarks)
|
|||
|
|
WILL NOT have any effect on its downstream users.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
[`.cargo/config.toml`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/config.html
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Raw Linux syscall support
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Currently the `linux_raw` backend supports only targets with stabilized `asm!` macro,
|
|||
|
|
i.e. `arm`, `aarch64`, `loongarch64`, `riscv32`, `riscv64`, `s390x`, `x86`, and `x86_64`.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Note that the raw syscall backend may be slower than backends based on `libc::getrandom`,
|
|||
|
|
e.g. it does not implement vDSO optimizations and on `x86` it uses the infamously slow
|
|||
|
|
`int 0x80` instruction to perform syscall.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Custom backend
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
If this crate does not support your target out of the box or you have to use
|
|||
|
|
a non-default entropy source, then you can provide a custom implementation.
|
|||
|
|
You need to enable the custom backend as described in the
|
|||
|
|
[opt-in backends][opt-in] section.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Next, you need to define an `extern` function with the following signature:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```rust
|
|||
|
|
use getrandom::Error;
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
|
|||
|
|
unsafe extern "Rust" fn __getrandom_v03_custom(
|
|||
|
|
dest: *mut u8,
|
|||
|
|
len: usize,
|
|||
|
|
) -> Result<(), Error> {
|
|||
|
|
todo!()
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
This function should, ideally, be defined in the root crate of your project,
|
|||
|
|
e.g. in your `main.rs`. This function MUST be defined only once for your
|
|||
|
|
project, i.e. upstream library crates SHOULD NOT define it outside of
|
|||
|
|
tests and benchmarks. Improper configuration of this backend may result
|
|||
|
|
in linking errors.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
The function accepts a pointer to a buffer that should be filled with random
|
|||
|
|
data and its length in bytes. Note that the buffer MAY be uninitialized.
|
|||
|
|
On success, the function should return `Ok(())` and fully fill the input buffer;
|
|||
|
|
otherwise, it should return an error value.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
While wrapping functions which work with byte slices you should fully initialize
|
|||
|
|
the buffer before passing it to the function:
|
|||
|
|
```rust
|
|||
|
|
use getrandom::Error;
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
fn my_entropy_source(buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), getrandom::Error> {
|
|||
|
|
// ...
|
|||
|
|
Ok(())
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
|
|||
|
|
unsafe extern "Rust" fn __getrandom_v03_custom(
|
|||
|
|
dest: *mut u8,
|
|||
|
|
len: usize,
|
|||
|
|
) -> Result<(), Error> {
|
|||
|
|
let buf = unsafe {
|
|||
|
|
// fill the buffer with zeros
|
|||
|
|
core::ptr::write_bytes(dest, 0, len);
|
|||
|
|
// create mutable byte slice
|
|||
|
|
core::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(dest, len)
|
|||
|
|
};
|
|||
|
|
my_entropy_source(buf)
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Externally Implemented Interface
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Using the nightly-only feature [`extern_item_impls`] it is possible to provide
|
|||
|
|
a custom backend for `getrandom`, even to override an existing first-party implementation.
|
|||
|
|
First, enable the `extern_impl` opt-in backend to allow usage of this nightly feature.
|
|||
|
|
Then, you may provide implementations for `fill_uninit`, `u32`, and/or `u64`
|
|||
|
|
with an attribute macro from the `implementation` module.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
[`extern_item_impls`]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/125418
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```rust
|
|||
|
|
use core::mem::MaybeUninit;
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#[cfg(getrandom_backend = "extern_impl")]
|
|||
|
|
#[getrandom::implementation::fill_uninit]
|
|||
|
|
fn my_fill_uninit_implementation(
|
|||
|
|
dest: &mut [MaybeUninit<u8>]
|
|||
|
|
) -> Result<(), getrandom::Error> {
|
|||
|
|
// ...
|
|||
|
|
Ok(())
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
For further details on what a suitable implementation for `fill_uninit` may look
|
|||
|
|
like, see [custom backend].
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`getrandom` will provide a default implementation for `u32` and `u64`, but does
|
|||
|
|
not currently provide a default for `fill_uninit`, even if one is normally
|
|||
|
|
available for the current target. If no implementation is available,
|
|||
|
|
a compilation error will be raised with instructions for how to provide
|
|||
|
|
an implementation.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Unsupported backend
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
In some rare scenarios, you might be compiling this crate for an unsupported
|
|||
|
|
target (e.g. `wasm32-unknown-unknown`), but this crate's functionality
|
|||
|
|
is not actually used by your code. If you are confident that `getrandom` is
|
|||
|
|
not used in your project, but it gets pulled nevertheless by one of your
|
|||
|
|
dependencies, then you can enable the `unsupported` backend, which always
|
|||
|
|
returns `Err(Error::UNSUPPORTED)`.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Platform Support
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
This crate generally supports the same operating system and platform versions
|
|||
|
|
that the Rust standard library does. Additional targets may be supported using
|
|||
|
|
the opt-in custom backend.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
This means that as Rust drops support for old versions of operating systems
|
|||
|
|
(such as old Linux kernel versions, Android API levels, etc.) in stable releases,
|
|||
|
|
`getrandom` may create new patch releases that remove support for
|
|||
|
|
outdated platform versions.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### `/dev/urandom` fallback on Linux and Android
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
On Linux targets, the `/dev/urandom` fallback is present only if either `target_env`
|
|||
|
|
is `musl`, or `target_arch` is one of the following: `aarch64`, `arm`, `powerpc`,
|
|||
|
|
`powerpc64`, `s390x`, `x86`, `x86_64`. Other supported targets [require][platform-support]
|
|||
|
|
kernel versions that support the `getrandom` system call, so the fallback is not needed.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
On Android targets the fallback is present only for the following `target_arch`es:
|
|||
|
|
`aarch64`, `arm`, `x86`, `x86_64`. Other `target_arch`es (e.g. RISC-V) require
|
|||
|
|
sufficiently high API levels.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
The fallback can be disabled by enabling the `linux_getrandom` opt-in backend.
|
|||
|
|
Note that doing so will bump minimum supported Linux kernel version to 3.17
|
|||
|
|
and Android API level to 23 (Marshmallow).
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Early boot
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Sometimes, early in the boot process, the OS has not collected enough
|
|||
|
|
entropy to securely seed its RNG. This is especially common on virtual
|
|||
|
|
machines, where standard "random" events are hard to come by.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Some operating system interfaces always block until the RNG is securely
|
|||
|
|
seeded. This can take anywhere from a few seconds to more than a minute.
|
|||
|
|
A few (Linux, NetBSD and Solaris) offer a choice between blocking and
|
|||
|
|
getting an error; in these cases, we always choose to block.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
On Linux (when the `getrandom` system call is not available), reading from
|
|||
|
|
`/dev/urandom` never blocks, even when the OS hasn't collected enough
|
|||
|
|
entropy yet. To avoid returning low-entropy bytes, we first poll
|
|||
|
|
`/dev/random` and only switch to `/dev/urandom` once this has succeeded.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
On OpenBSD, this kind of entropy accounting isn't available, and on
|
|||
|
|
NetBSD, blocking on it is discouraged. On these platforms, nonblocking
|
|||
|
|
interfaces are used, even when reliable entropy may not be available.
|
|||
|
|
On the platforms where it is used, the reliability of entropy accounting
|
|||
|
|
itself isn't free from controversy. This library provides randomness
|
|||
|
|
sourced according to the platform's best practices, but each platform has
|
|||
|
|
its own limits on the grade of randomness it can promise in environments
|
|||
|
|
with few sources of entropy.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
On ESP-IDF, if `esp_fill_random` is used before enabling WiFi, BT, or the
|
|||
|
|
voltage noise entropy source (SAR ADC), the Hardware RNG will only be seeded
|
|||
|
|
via RC_FAST_CLK. This can occur during early boot unless
|
|||
|
|
`bootloader_random_enable()` is called. For more information see the
|
|||
|
|
[ESP-IDF RNG Docs][esp-idf-rng] or the
|
|||
|
|
[RNG section of the ESP32 Technical Reference Manual][esp-trng-docs].
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## Error handling
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
We always prioritize failure over returning known insecure "random" bytes.
|
|||
|
|
Generally, on supported platforms, failure is highly unlikely, though not
|
|||
|
|
impossible. If an error does occur, it is likely that it will occur
|
|||
|
|
on every call to `getrandom`. Therefore, after the first successful call,
|
|||
|
|
one can be reasonably confident that no errors will occur.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## Panic handling
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
We strive to eliminate all potential panics from our backend implementations.
|
|||
|
|
In other words, when compiled with optimizations enabled, the generated
|
|||
|
|
binary code for `getrandom` functions should not contain any panic branches.
|
|||
|
|
Even if the platform misbehaves and returns an unexpected result,
|
|||
|
|
our code should correctly handle it and return an error, e.g.
|
|||
|
|
[`Error::UNEXPECTED`].
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## Sanitizer support
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
If your code uses [`fill_uninit`] and you enable
|
|||
|
|
[MemorySanitizer](https://doc.rust-lang.org/beta/unstable-book/compiler-flags/sanitizer.html#memorysanitizer)
|
|||
|
|
(i.e. `-Zsanitizer=memory`), we will automatically handle unpoisoning
|
|||
|
|
of the destination buffer filled by `fill_uninit`.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
You can run sanitizer tests for your crate dependent on `getrandom` like this:
|
|||
|
|
```sh
|
|||
|
|
RUSTFLAGS="-Zsanitizer=memory" cargo test -Zbuild-std --target=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## Minimum Supported Rust Version
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
This crate requires Rust 1.85 or later.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
The most reliable way to get an MSRV-respecting behavior is to set
|
|||
|
|
`CARGO_RESOLVER_INCOMPATIBLE_RUST_VERSIONS=fallback` when doing
|
|||
|
|
`cargo update -p getrandom`, like so:
|
|||
|
|
```sh
|
|||
|
|
CARGO_RESOLVER_INCOMPATIBLE_RUST_VERSIONS=fallback cargo update -p getrandom
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## License
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
The `getrandom` library is distributed under either of
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
* [Apache License, Version 2.0][LICENSE-APACHE]
|
|||
|
|
* [MIT license][LICENSE-MIT]
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
at your option.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Contribution
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted
|
|||
|
|
for inclusion in the work by you, as defined in the Apache-2.0 license, shall be
|
|||
|
|
dual licensed as above, without any additional terms or conditions.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
[//]: # (badges)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
[GitHub Actions]: https://github.com/rust-random/getrandom/actions?query=branch:master
|
|||
|
|
[Build Status]: https://github.com/rust-random/getrandom/actions/workflows/tests.yml/badge.svg?branch=master
|
|||
|
|
[crates.io]: https://crates.io/crates/getrandom
|
|||
|
|
[Crate]: https://img.shields.io/crates/v/getrandom
|
|||
|
|
[docs.rs]: https://docs.rs/getrandom
|
|||
|
|
[Documentation]: https://docs.rs/getrandom/badge.svg
|
|||
|
|
[deps.rs]: https://deps.rs/repo/github/rust-random/getrandom
|
|||
|
|
[Dependency Status]: https://deps.rs/repo/github/rust-random/getrandom/status.svg
|
|||
|
|
[Downloads]: https://img.shields.io/crates/d/getrandom
|
|||
|
|
[License]: https://img.shields.io/crates/l/getrandom
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
[//]: # (supported targets)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
[1]: https://manned.org/getrandom.2
|
|||
|
|
[2]: https://manned.org/urandom.4
|
|||
|
|
[3]: https://www.unix.com/man-page/mojave/2/getentropy/
|
|||
|
|
[4]: https://www.unix.com/man-page/mojave/4/urandom/
|
|||
|
|
[5]: https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getrandom&manpath=FreeBSD+12.0-stable
|
|||
|
|
[7]: https://man.openbsd.org/getentropy.2
|
|||
|
|
[8]: https://man.netbsd.org/sysctl.7
|
|||
|
|
[9]: https://leaf.dragonflybsd.org/cgi/web-man?command=getrandom
|
|||
|
|
[11]: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E88353_01/html/E37841/getrandom-2.html
|
|||
|
|
[12]: https://illumos.org/man/2/getrandom
|
|||
|
|
[13]: https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/pull/12240
|
|||
|
|
[14]: https://www.qnx.com/developers/docs/7.1/index.html#com.qnx.doc.neutrino.utilities/topic/r/random.html
|
|||
|
|
[15]: https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/aix/7.3?topic=files-random-urandom-devices
|
|||
|
|
[16]: https://man.netbsd.org/getrandom.2
|
|||
|
|
[17]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_mono/libc.html#index-getrandom
|
|||
|
|
[18]: https://github.com/rust3ds/shim-3ds/commit/b01d2568836dea2a65d05d662f8e5f805c64389d
|
|||
|
|
[19]: https://github.com/vitasdk/newlib/blob/2d869fe47aaf02b8e52d04e9a2b79d5b210fd016/newlib/libc/sys/vita/getentropy.c
|
|||
|
|
[20]: https://github.com/cygwin/cygwin/blob/main/winsup/cygwin/libc/getentropy.cc
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
[`ProcessPrng`]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/seccng/processprng
|
|||
|
|
[`RtlGenRandom`]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/ntsecapi/nf-ntsecapi-rtlgenrandom
|
|||
|
|
[`Crypto.getRandomValues`]: https://www.w3.org/TR/WebCryptoAPI/#Crypto-method-getRandomValues
|
|||
|
|
[`RDRAND`]: https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/intel-digital-random-number-generator-drng-software-implementation-guide
|
|||
|
|
[`RNDR`]: https://developer.arm.com/documentation/ddi0601/2024-06/AArch64-Registers/RNDR--Random-Number
|
|||
|
|
[`CCRandomGenerateBytes`]: https://opensource.apple.com/source/CommonCrypto/CommonCrypto-60074/include/CommonRandom.h.auto.html
|
|||
|
|
[`cprng_draw`]: https://fuchsia.dev/fuchsia-src/zircon/syscalls/cprng_draw
|
|||
|
|
[`esp_fill_random`]: https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/stable/esp32/api-reference/system/random.html#functions
|
|||
|
|
[esp-idf-rng]: https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/stable/esp32/api-reference/system/random.html
|
|||
|
|
[esp-trng-docs]: https://www.espressif.com/sites/default/files/documentation/esp32_technical_reference_manual_en.pdf#rng
|
|||
|
|
[`EFI_RNG_PROTOCOL`]: https://uefi.org/specs/UEFI/2.10/37_Secure_Technologies.html#efi-rng-protocol
|
|||
|
|
[`random_get`]: https://github.com/WebAssembly/WASI/blob/snapshot-01/phases/snapshot/docs.md#-random_getbuf-pointeru8-buf_len-size---errno
|
|||
|
|
[`get-random-u64`]: https://github.com/WebAssembly/WASI/blob/v0.2.1/wasip2/random/random.wit#L23-L28
|
|||
|
|
[configuration flags]: #configuration-flags
|
|||
|
|
[custom backend]: #custom-backend
|
|||
|
|
[unsupported backend]: #unsupported-backend
|
|||
|
|
[`wasm-bindgen`]: https://github.com/rustwasm/wasm-bindgen
|
|||
|
|
[`module`]: https://rustwasm.github.io/wasm-bindgen/reference/attributes/on-js-imports/module.html
|
|||
|
|
[`sys_read_entropy`]: https://github.com/hermit-os/kernel/blob/315f58ff5efc81d9bf0618af85a59963ff55f8b1/src/syscalls/entropy.rs#L47-L55
|
|||
|
|
[platform-support]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/rustc/platform-support.html
|
|||
|
|
[WASI]: https://github.com/WebAssembly/WASI
|
|||
|
|
[Emscripten]: https://emscripten.org
|
|||
|
|
[opt-in]: #opt-in-backends
|
|||
|
|
[externally implemented interface]: #externally-implemented-interface
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
[//]: # (licenses)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
[LICENSE-APACHE]: https://github.com/rust-random/getrandom/blob/master/LICENSE-APACHE
|
|||
|
|
[LICENSE-MIT]: https://github.com/rust-random/getrandom/blob/master/LICENSE-MIT
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
[`Error::UNEXPECTED`]: https://docs.rs/getrandom/latest/getrandom/struct.Error.html#associatedconstant.UNEXPECTED
|
|||
|
|
[`fill_uninit`]: https://docs.rs/getrandom/latest/getrandom/fn.fill_uninit.html
|
|||
|
|
Á %https://www.rust-lang.org/favicon.icoÁ„ð 9https://www.rust-lang.org/logos/rust-logo-128x128-blk.pngÁlŸ ,-./íS? _b? ‡t? ÑÛ ˜ˆ? Œ *ï™? Š +S?S?S?œ•b?´¯t?dÈ DÌ 0Y´Lô & ˆ føLÿ ' ˆ g‹ Tç l ˆLÖ ,Ú Œ�Š‹× 5 ` L/ T� Ô
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
äÐ ü’9 6 This target/platform is not supported by `getrandom`.Á\Ú ÔüÏ# üŠ@ = The platform-specific `errno` returned a non-positive value.Á”Ù ÔÜá ü�L I Encountered an unexpected situation which should not happen in practice.ÁTë ÔüÕ tÛ ÔôÆ dÌ ÔüÍ, ú uefiÁ”› ¤š ü‘ TÛ ÔÔ ¸!š(,æ üÚ; ú€¥”¨ ¤§ üž œè ÔÔ
|
|||
|
|
–X$ü üÌ#/ üù B ? Extract the raw OS error code (if this error came from the OS)Á À ú üÈ M J This method is identical to [`std::io::Error::raw_os_error()`][1], exceptÁ üš K H that it works in `no_std` contexts. On most targets this method returnsÁ üê O L `Option<i32>`, but some platforms (e.g. UEFI) may use a different primitiveÁ ü¾ Q N type like `usize`. Consult with the [`RawOsError`] docs for more information.Á ”! ú üœ!M J If this method returns `None`, the error value can still be formatted viaÁ üî!! the `Display` implementation.Á ”" ú üœ"O L [1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.raw_os_errorÁ üð"I F [`RawOsError`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/type.RawOsError.htmlÁdÓ# Ô—X
|
|||
|
|
è+üŠ0( ü¸/M J Creates a new instance of an `Error` from a particular custom error code.ÁT—0 ÷PÔ
|
|||
|
|
¹v-üí21 d�3 ÷PÔ æP¹ /ü‰5/ lŒ5 ˜ ˜Ô ۼݼ޼© ß¼ à¼ÛἈ cSñŸ«‡zÙ š5
|
|||
|
|
$›5 üåC! Ô Ì‹D Ô Àc ü«D8 ®D ™ š › ™Ô š c c ˆ ¢cµ
|
|||
|
|
` £c÷& ` àB¤GS
|
|||
|
|
›Ö¿Ù¿ Ú¿« Û¿ˆ Ü¿ Ý¿Þ¿ˆ ‚†f|Â
|
|||
|
|
€ŸÈŸÈ Ș O˜éBL ²D
|
|||
|
|
$³D ± ¹D ÜõH Ô Åc ü—I8 šI œ � ž œÔ � c c ˆ ¢cµ
|
|||
|
|
` £c÷& ` àB¤GS
|
|||
|
|
žü± žI
|
|||
|
|
$ŸI ± ¥I Dá $å !"$&'(˜, Œ *‡\7 ÑÛ µ D “ ž,I ‰f dL$+„2?.0 "ü÷P¬… Ÿ Ÿ§` Ÿ‰a ¥ ¥ Íì•5 ›
|
|||
|
|
•5žW0 üðI´÷ ç Ìf •
|
|||
|
|
! ž,ŽüÂ;|É ¡ ¡‰a ¡§` ¥ # # ã ²¶ Ù
|
|||
|
|
"•5ž,Ü üúNœˆ ¢ ¢‰a ¢§` ¥ % % ¦ ²¶ œ
|
|||
|
|
$•5ž 1 üÀ (LÇ þg Œ}üì(Ló £p ç}ü‡'D• „m‚1
|
|||
|
|
( ¹ ždɈ?ˆ?™?™?ü¬1 üà
|
|||
|
|
S P Fill `dest` with random bytes from the system's preferred random number source.Á ´ú ü¸N K This function returns an error on any failure, including partial reads. WeÁ ü‡N K make no guarantees regarding the contents of `dest` on error. If `dest` isÁ üÖJ G empty, `getrandom` immediately returns success, making no calls to theÁ ü¡ underlying operating system.Á Âú üÆO L Blocking is possible, at least during early boot; see module documentation.Á –ú üšM J In general, `getrandom` will be fast enough for interactive usage, thoughÁ üèJ G significantly slower than a user-space CSPRNG; for the latter considerÁ ü³I F [`rand::thread_rng`](https://docs.rs/rand/*/rand/fn.thread_rng.html).Á ýú t� # ExamplesÁ �ú <” ```Á üœ1 . # fn main() -> Result<(), getrandom::Error> {Á äÎ let mut buf = [0u8; 32];Á üë getrandom::fill(&mut buf)?;Á t‹ # Ok(()) }Á <š—À$³ £ £Ìf‹ ¾
|
|||
|
|
, –2;üÁ L üÊG D Fill potentially uninitialized buffer `dest` with random bytes fromÁ ü’D A the system's preferred random number source and return a mutableÁ ì× reference to those bytes.Á õú üùJ G On successful completion this function is guaranteed to return a sliceÁ üÄF C which points to the same memory as `dest` and has the same length.Á ü‹H E In other words, it's safe to assume that `dest` is initialized afterÁ üÔ$ ! this function has returned `Ok`.Á ùú üýJ G No part of `dest` will ever be de-initialized at any point, regardlessÁ ÄÈ of what is returned.Á áú tåô¿ ôú lø
|
|||
|
|
```ignoreÁ ü†> ; # // We ignore this test since `uninit_array` is unstable.Á üÅ* ' #![feature(maybe_uninit_uninit_array)]Á üð1¨À ü¢ A > let mut buf = core::mem::MaybeUninit::uninit_array::<1024>();Á üä ; 8 let buf: &mut [u8] = getrandom::fill_uninit(&mut buf)?;Á t °Á <¯ —À\È ¤ ¤çÖ¿Ù¿ Ú¿« Û¿ˆ Ü¿ Ý¿Þ¿ˆ ‚†f|Â
|
|||
|
|
¤ÌfÔ Ú Ñe–2=üÐ"" üñ F C Get random `u32` from the system's preferred random number source.Á ¸!ú t¼!ô¿ Ë!ú <Ï!—À ü×!1¨À ü‰"% " let rng_seed = getrandom::u32()?;Á t¯"°Á <¾"—À ×" þg
|
|||
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z Dependency StatusÁ EFI_RNG_PROTOCOLÁ × Uhttps://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/ntsecapi/nf-ntsecapi-rtlgenrandomÁ CCRandomGenerateBytesÁ Error::UNEXPECTEDÁ :https://fuchsia.dev/fuchsia-src/zircon/syscalls/cprng_drawÁ ihttps://github.com/hermit-os/kernel/blob/315f58ff5efc81d9bf0618af85a59963ff55f8b1/src/syscalls/entropy.rsÁ Vhttps://rustwasm.github.io/wasm-bindgen/reference/attributes/on-js-imports/module.htmlÁ \https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/stable/esp32/api-reference/system/random.htmlÁ 2https://www.qnx.com/developers/docs/7.1/index.htmlÁ
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DocumentationÁ RNDRÁ ¯ø Éø 3RNG section of the ESP32 Technical Reference ManualÁ ½ù Óù )https://img.shields.io/crates/d/getrandomÁ €û Ûû CrateÁ óü …ý Bhttps://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/seccng/processprngÁ Éø šý #https://illumos.org/man/2/getrandomÁ Óù Þý Shttps://github.com/rust3ds/shim-3ds/commit/b01d2568836dea2a65d05d662f8e5f805c64389dÁ Ûû ˜þ Crypto.getRandomValuesÁ …ý ®þ <https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/rustc/platform-support.htmlÁ šý �ÿ <https://deps.rs/repo/github/rust-random/getrandom/status.svgÁ Þý µÿ Build StatusÁ ˜þ ™€ https://manned.org/urandom.4Á ®þ À€ ;https://leaf.dragonflybsd.org/cgi/web-man?command=getrandomÁ �ÿ �� get-random-u64Á µÿ Ú� wasm-bindgenÁ ™€ ÷� opt-in backendsÁ À€ ú ¤‚ \https://github.com/rust-random/getrandom/actions/workflows/tests.yml/badge.svg?branch=masterÁ �� ˜ ð‚ Ú� �ƒ https://crates.io/crates/randÁ ÷� ¬ƒ kern.arandomÁ ¤‚ ú у
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getentropyÁ Apache License, Version 2.0Á ÷… õ† €ˆ ò‡ 1https://deps.rs/repo/github/rust-random/getrandomÁ ¨† •ˆ dhttps://opensource.apple.com/source/CommonCrypto/CommonCrypto-60074/include/CommonRandom.h.auto.htmlÁ À† ¹ˆ Ȉ <https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_mono/libc.htmlÁ õ† Fhttps://www.ibm.com/docs/en/aix/7.3?topic=files-random-urandom-devicesÁ ò‡ €ˆ €‰ <https://uefi.org/specs/UEFI/2.10/37_Secure_Technologies.htmlÁ •ˆ ‰ MemorySanitizerÁ ¹ˆ Ȉ ½Š „‹ https://docs.rs/getrandomÁ €‰ á‹ 2https://www.unix.com/man-page/mojave/2/getentropy/Á ‰ ®Œ randÁ sys_read_entropyÁ ½Š qhttps://github.com/vitasdk/newlib/blob/2d869fe47aaf02b8e52d04e9a2b79d5b210fd016/newlib/libc/sys/vita/getentropy.cÁ „‹ ]https://developer.arm.com/documentation/ddi0601/2024-06/AArch64-Registers/RNDR--Random-NumberÁ ÚŒ á‹ „� chttps://www.espressif.com/sites/default/files/documentation/esp32_technical_reference_manual_en.pdfÁ ®Œ Ç� Ð� )https://img.shields.io/crates/l/getrandomÁ ë� "https://crates.io/crates/getrandomÁ ÚŒ çŽ RtlGenRandomÁ „� Û�
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cprng_drawÁ Ç� Ð� Õ� esp_fill_randomÁ ë� ‰‘ /dev/urandomÁ #https://www.w3.org/TR/WebCryptoAPI/Á çŽ ¼‘ Œ ESP-IDF RNG DocsÁ Û� Ù‘ #https://docs.rs/getrandom/badge.svgÁ Õ� ú‘ Dhttps://github.com/rust-random/getrandom/actions?query=branch:masterÁ š’ ‰‘ «’ ProcessPrngÁ ¼‘ ¤ Œ Ahttps://docs.oracle.com/cd/E88353_01/html/E37841/getrandom-2.htmlÁ ä’ Ù‘ …“ Hhttps://github.com/WebAssembly/WASI/blob/v0.2.1/wasip2/random/random.witÁ ú‘ ¹“ š’ (https://github.com/rustwasm/wasm-bindgenÁ «’ ”” /https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/125418Á ¤ ä’ Œ ´” )https://img.shields.io/crates/v/getrandomÁ …“ Œ• ¹“ ë• https://manned.org/getrandom.2Á ”” ¤– ¤ https://man.netbsd.org/sysctl.7Á ´” î– Lhttps://github.com/WebAssembly/WASI/blob/snapshot-01/phases/snapshot/docs.mdÁ Œ• https://emscripten.orgÁ ë• ´— 5https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/config.htmlÁ ¤– è— /https://www.unix.com/man-page/mojave/4/urandom/Á î– ˜˜ ï˜ @https://github.com/rust-random/getrandom/blob/master/LICENSE-MITÁ ´— –™ "https://man.netbsd.org/getrandom.2Á è— Ü™ 8https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/pull/12240Á ˜˜ #https://github.com/WebAssembly/WASIÁ ï˜ ¢š externally implemented interfaceÁ –™ óš Chttps://github.com/rust-random/getrandom/blob/master/LICENSE-APACHEÁ Ü™ ¦› .https://docs.rs/rand/*/rand/fn.thread_rng.htmlÁ é› DownloadsÁ ¢š �œ Ohttps://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=getrandom&manpath=FreeBSD+12.0-stableÁ óš Îœ RDRANDÁ ¦› ¢� Khttps://github.com/cygwin/cygwin/blob/main/winsup/cygwin/libc/getentropy.ccÁ é› Û� custom backendÁ �œ õ� Jhttps://doc.rust-lang.org/beta/unstable-book/compiler-flags/sanitizer.htmlÁ Îœ Õž rand::thread_rngÁ ¢� ìž ™ø × Û� ÈŸ £ù õ� çŸ ’ú Õž  ¼ü ìž ™ø ¯ø ÈŸ × -£ù ½ù çŸ ’ú €û  ¼ü óü 9˜ 5https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.htmlÁ ï Š std::error::ErrorÁ
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